Ottoman empire empire total war
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Every time, she chose Lebanon.Īfter the explosion, she felt an Esther-like sense of purpose that she was there for “such a time as this.” Volunteering frequently in both secular and evangelical NGOs, her professional skills ministered to many who could not afford it.īut her chief ministry is to her children. An evangelical cardiologist and clinical associate with the American University of Beirut (AUB), she had multiple opportunities to leave, including for medical school. Rana Costa is one of them-and never imagined she would be. Over 2,500 doctors and nurses have left Lebanon, 40 percent and 30 percent of the total sector, respectively. As the “ bulk” of mental health professionals have emigrated, the national suicide hotline receives over 1,000 calls per month. But others are suffering mental health issues, with essential anxiety medicines difficult to find amid an overall medical shortage. “With a friend it is always better, but I have to adapt.” “People are getting more and more depressed,” she said. Of Ghoul’s 30 closest friends, 15 have left Lebanon. The diaspora, counting descendants, is 15 million. There are approximately 5 million Lebanese within their Connecticut-sized eastern Mediterranean state. A fifth wave followed the civil war, when increased opportunity and advanced education led 1 in 5 Lebanese men to emigrate over the following 15 years. Prior to the 1923 mandate that carved Lebanon from the Ottoman Empire, the first wave began in 1880 when sectarian strife and the economic collapse of the local silk industry drove abroad 45 percent of Mount Lebanon’s population.īut even prosperity does not stem the tide. An estimated 1 million Lebanese fled during the conflict, so emigration is nothing new.Īnd that was the fourth such wave. A Maronite Catholic, her father was a fighter with the Phalange, a Christian militia during the 15-year civil war that ended in 1990. “I see it as my responsibility to fight and make Lebanon a better place.” “If everyone leaves, no one will remain to help,” she said. But it says to God, ‘You are not able to provide for me in Lebanon.’” “If you want to search for a better life for yourself and your children, it is your right.
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How can we enact God’s will if you are not here?” preached the pastor of Faith Baptist Church in Mansourieh.
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Kashouh urged people not to emigrate easily, to seek counsel with church leaders, and to help the suffering whether they stay or leave.įellow evangelical pastor Walid Zailaa, however, was blunt in his assessment. “Praying faithfully, we may come up with different decisions.” “Ask first, ‘Where can I love the Lord, obey the Lord, and serve the Lord-me and my family?’” Hikmat Kashouh, pastor of Resurrection Church Beirut, preached in his recent sermon. The minimum wage of $450 per month has devalued to almost $30. Once featuring an economically vibrant middle-class, Lebanon now has a poverty rate of 78 percent. Food prices have increased 557 percent since the uprising, as the inflation rate has now surged past perennial basket cases Venezuela and Zimbabwe. Every day witnesses another 8,000 passport applications.
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Whether to stay and help or escape abroad.Įstimates indicate as many as 380,000 people have left Lebanon. Two years later, amid an economic collapse the World Bank says is the worst in 150 years, Lebanese Christians face an even greater pastoral challenge: Whether to join in for justice or honor the king. In 2019, as Lebanon witnessed an unprecedented uprising against its entire political class, evangelical sermons grappled with applied theology: